About Hib Immunization?

What is Hib?
Hib is the abbreviation for Haemophilus influenzae type b, a type of bacteria that cause the disease can be fatal, such as: Inflammation of the brain membrane (meningitis) jangkitan-coating on the brain and nervous Allows Inflammation of the lungs (pneumonia) - jangkitan in the lungs Inflammation epiglotis (Kerongkong) - jangkitan Toxicity epiglottis in the blood (septicaemia) - Inflammation of the joints jangkitan blood - jangkitan Hib disease in the joints, jangkitan HIV and Hepatitits B disease is NOT the same one. Hepatitis B vaccines against Hepatitis B vaccine is the vaccine when the disease is the Hib Hib vaccine.

Why Hib disease dangerous?
Easily spread, especially among the children It would usually cause a fatal disease or fatal. Jangkitan Hib coating on the brain can lead to brain kecatatan eternal.

Who could have Hib disease?
Hib disease often apply within a child under the age of 5 years. Jangkitan risk is higher among the children under the age of 1 year. Pengaulan meeting with children who are increasing the risk to get Hib Hib disease. Babies who get breastmilk, will get protection from Hib disease, but so, immunization is still required to get maximum protection.

How would Hib disease?
Hib disease would be if people are coughing or sneezing. Would be through the sharing of goods toys into the mouth.

How Hib disease can be prevented?
Hib disease can be prevented through immunization Hib. Hib immunization can not protect children get the disease than caused by bacteria / virus to another. Children may be able to get another jangkitan type of pneumonia, peritonitis brain or the flu.

When Hib immunization is given?
All infants aged 2, 3 and 5 months should be given immunization Hib Hib immunization is given as much as 3 dos. Dos Age: 2 months Dos 1, 3 months Dos 2, 5 months Dos 3

How Hib immunization is given?
Hib immunization is given by injection in the thigh muscle. This immunization is given in one injection with immunization Difteria, Pertussis and Tetanus (DPT). Can also be supplied with immunization, such as immunization Hepatitis B.

Are the side effects of Hib immunization?
Hib immunization is a side effect SAFELY (= side effects) that applies generally mild and not dangerous if the shares gain komplikasinya or Hib disease. However, pain, swelling and redness can be applied by injection. This usually comes from 1hingga 3 days after immunization. Sometimes, children can also get a fever for a short period after immunization.

free involving AUTISME and immunization MMR

In this case the last time people seem autisme increasing rapidly. Autisme looks like the epidemic to the various parts of the world. There are reported incidents increase in the number of people Autisme quite sharply in some countries.

The situation is worrisome enough in the time given to this cause autisme multifaktorial, still mysterious and often becomes the subject of debate among klinisi.

Autisme is pervasif interference in the development of children is marked by disturbances and delays in the field of cognitive, language, behavior, communication and social interaction. The debate that occurred recently on the possibility of relationships with autisme immunization MMR (mumps, Measles, Rubella). Many parents refuse immunization because they get information that can lead to the MMR immunization autisme. As a result, children do not get the protection of immunization to avoid the disease had a more dangerous, such as hepatitis B, diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, tuberculosis and so forth. Many of the studies appeared to be widely prove that autism is not related to MMR immunization. But there is research that indicates that Autism and MMR immunization related.

MMR immunization is a combination of immunization to prevent measles, German measles disease and goiter. MMR vaccine is usually given to children age 16 months. This vaccine is a combination of live attenuated vaccines. Originally the vaccine was found separately, but in a few years later merged into the combination vaccine. These consist of a combination of live measles virus or flute Edmonton Schwarz, which has been weakened, Componen Rubella antigens from the virus life Wistar RA 27 / 3 vaccine antigens and gondongen from live viruses or flute Jerry Lynn Urabe AM-9.

Opinion that supports autism associated with immunization:
There is some research and some of the testimony that revealed Autisme may be related to MMR immunization. Reaction MMR immunization in general light, had reported cases meningoensfalitis in 3-4 weeks after immunization in the UK and some other places. Reaction clinical been reported include neck stiffness, iritabilitas great, convulsions, disturbance of awareness, fear that the attacks are not baseless and can not be explained, the deficit motor / sensory, disturbance of vision, speech or visual deficit similar symptoms in children with autism.

Andrew Wakefielddari English conduct research on 12 children, there was interference Inflamantory Bowel disesase in children autism. This is given after the MMR immunization. Bernard Rimland from the United States also organized research on the relationship between the MMR vaccination, especially (measles, mumps rubella) and autisme. Wakefield and Montgomery reported morbili virus (measles) with autism in 70 children from 90 children with autism than 5 children of 70 children who are not autism. This only shows the relationship, not to prove causal.

Jeane Smith a United States citizen testify before Congress United States: aberration autis the country has become epidemic, he and many parents penderta autisme children believe that their children are exposed autisme caused by the reaction from the vaccination. While some parents object autisme in Indonesiapun berkesaksian that children affected autisme after immunization

Opinion against the cause that immunization autisme
Meanwhile, the research revealed that MMR does not cause Autisme more and more systematic. Brent Taylor, conduct research epidemiologik rate with 498 children with Autisme. Conclusions obtained the sharp increase of people with autism in 1979, but there is no increase in cases of autism in 1988 when the MMR began to be used. Conclusion that the group found that children do not get the MMR, there are also cases aurtism increase, the same group with the MMR immunization.

Dales et al, as quoted from kare (Journal of the American Medical Association) 2001, observed that children born since 1980 until 1994 in California, since 1979 given MMR immunization. Concluded that the increased number Autism cases in California, not associated with the launch of MMR.

Intitute of medicine, a body which examine the safety of vaccines have been conducting the study in depth the relationship between MMR and Autisme. Agency reported that it is epidemiologically there is no relationship between MMR and the USD. The British Journal of General Practice mepublikasikan research De Wilde, in the month of March 2001. Examining children in the 6 months after MMR immunization compared with children without Autisme. Concluded there is no change in the behavior of children in a meaningful between the control group and cases. In the scientific journal Archives of Disease in Childhood, September 2001, The Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health, emphasized that no scientific evidence that supports the hipoteda regard MMR immunization and Autisme. The professionals in the field of health do not hesitate in recommending MMR immunization in the patient ..

Makela A, Nuorti JP, Peltola H team of researchers from Helsinki Central Hospital and the university Helsinky Finland in July 2002 has been conducting research on the 535,544 children who get the MMR immunization since 1982 until 1986, made the observation at 3 months after immunization. They concluded that not indicate that bermakana relationship between MMR immunization with neurologic disease (persrafan) such as encephalitis, aseptic meningitis or autisme. Kreesten Meldgaard Madsen et al November 2002, conducting research since the year 1991 - 1998 of the 440,655 children who get the MMR immunization. The results showed no proven relationship hypothetical MMR and Autisme.

Recommendations Intitusi or the World Health Organization
Some institutions or agencies in the field of health that is independent and has been recognized credibility also conduct scientific study and research about the lack of immunization and autisme relationship. From these results, issued recommendations for professionals to continue to use thimerosal and MMR immunization because no proven cause Autisme.

The All Party Parliamentary Group on Primary Care and Public Health in August 2000, stressed that the MMR safe. By considering the relationship between not proven that some conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease (digestive disturbances) and is not based autisme.

WHO (World Health Organization), in January 2001 that fully supports the use of MMR immunization with the study is based on security and efikasinya.

Some institutions and prestigious health organizations in the UK including the British Medical Association, the Royal College of General Practitioners, the Royal College of Nursing, Faculty of Public Health Medicine, United Kingdom Public Health Association, the Royal College of Midwives, Community Practitioners and Health Visitors Association, Unison , Quite interesting, the Royal Pharmaceutical Society, the Public Health Laboratory Service and the Medicines Control Agency in the month of January 2001, after a meeting with the British government issued a statement with the MMR vaccine is highly effective with the report that security is very good. The scientific sanagat very safe and effective to protect children from disease. Highly recommended for children to give MMR and without risk.

The Committee on Safety of Medicine (medicine Security Committee) in March 2001, stated that the conclusion of Wakefield about the MMR vaccine is too premature. There is not something that mengkawatirkan. The Scottish Parliament's Health and Community Care Committee, also expressed opinions about the controversy that occurred, namely Based on the experiences of clinical-based evidence, there is no relationship between the MMR ilimiah and Autisme or Crohn disease. The Committee did not recommend changes were immunization program that has been previously determined that the MMR should be given.

The Irish Parliament's Joint Committee on Health and Children in September 2001, conduct a review of several studies, including the presentation revealed that Dr Wakefield AUTISM berhungan with MMR. Concluded there was no relationship between MMR and Autisme. There is no clinical experience of other mebuktikan other material in the MMR is more secure than the combination of immunization. MMR.

The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP), professional organizations doctor children in the United States on 12 June 13 2000 organized a conference on the topic "New Challenges in Childhood Immunizations" in Oak Brook, Illinois United States attended the parents autisme people, experts immunization and child health researchers. These meetings do not recommend that there huibungan between MMR and Autisme. Stated that the provision of immunization separately not better than the MMR, said the delay occurred MMR immunization. Furthermore, research will be done l; ebih much about the causes of Autisme.

How do we should?
When you hear and know the controversy, the community and even some klinisipun so confused. Called for careful and we must be circumspect and more clear-minded. If you observe some research that supports the autisme associated with immunization, may be correct as the trigger. In general, people autisme already have the genetic aberration (default) and biological since the beginning. This is proven that the gene is almost certain identifiable and there is a difference brain research is done before the immunization. This aberration autism can be triggered by various things such as immunization, food allergy, heavy metals and so forth. So not only immunization that can trigger the onset autisme. At a clinic and encourage children found 40 children with autism, but not all been given immunization. This proves that not only triggered autisme immunization.

Research shows that the relationship between immunization and autism seen only in a small group of (population) autism. The statistics show only this relationship, not causal. We also can not be directly affected in the report of one or several cases, for example, when parents think that children's autism symptoms of autism children arise after the immunization. Conclusions can not be digeneralisasikan of healthy children in general (population more widely). If that happens we can also be affected by some foods that should be avoided by people with autism also will also be avoided by other healthy children. So, logically it should be seen and understood.

When affected by the opinions between autism and support immunization without seeing the other research the facts more clearly, then we will ignore all the result of immunization with a far more dangerous in children. Research in the number of large and wide in epidemiologically more can be trusted to show the causal few case reports compared the relative amount is not meaningful in general. Some institutions or agencies that prestigious world health had issued a recommendation to continue to keep the MMR immunization. This is also our belief that MMR immunization is safe.

Controversy that continues to hold, but we can take the wisdom and the best way child immunization, or should we not? To ensure this we may be taking on a lot of research that is more reliable statistical validity in a population with more extensive and Autisme is not related to MMRl. Similarly, we must trust the recommendations of various world health body that is independent and trusted after the study of various scientific research conducted by some health experts in the various world's children workers.

From some of these, it seems it can be concluded that the MMR immunization does not cause Autisme, when our children are not healthy and talented autisme. But the suspected trigger immunization can aggravate the emergence of behavioral disturbances in children who already have the talent in the genetic autisme since birth.

But apparently the theory, research, opinion or several cases that support the relevance autisme with immunization, can not be ignored bergitu only. Although the research report that supports the relationship Autisme immunization and only in small populations or even report perkasus children autisme. It is wise to be more vigilant when children began to appear we have found irregularities development or behavior since the early, it should to get the MMR immunization must be more clearly consult with a doctor first child. When the children we have found suspected aberration Autism talent since the early or risk autisme occur, may only delay before the first MMR immunization Autisme diagnosis can be removed. Although the actual trigger factors that aggravate or Autisme not only immunization. In such cases we must better understand the risks, signs and symptoms of early autisme.

But when our children healthy, or not at risk of not showing signs of early symptoms Autisme then we do not need to kawatir to get the immunization. Kekawatiran without immunization against based on the understanding that good and clear thinking that will cause health problems in the new children's. Avoid immunization with the new problems will arise which can be more dangerous and life-threatening, particularly when children are exposed to infection can be prevented by immunization

There are 5 types of compulsory immunization of infants for us

There are 5 types of compulsory immunization of infants for us, namely BCG, Polio, DPT, Hepatitis B and Measles. The rest was given immunization according to the doctors advice.

The following information about the immunization schedule and develop:

*
BCG, or Bacillus Cellmete Guerin, a vaccination given to the baby during the age of 0-2 months, the function of this vaccine is to prevent TB disease Tuberkolosis alias.
*
POLIO is a kind of disease caused by a virus poliovirus from the enterovirus genus, and caused the paralysis. How to prevent this disease is frequent hand washing when finished the move and also before eating. In the infant polio immunization is given at birth, age 2 months, 4 months and 6 months.
*
DPT or Dipteri Pentusis Tetanus, is a kind of disease that comes from a bacteria named Corynebacterium Diphterie, who live in the nasal mucous membrane in the channel everywhere, and form a membrane so that the white stuff everywhere. Giving to DPT vaccine in infants at this age 2 months, 4 months and 6 months.

*
Hepatitis B, hepatitis B vaccination is intended to avoid the disease of acute liver inflammation or damage to the liver and liver cancer also. The vaccine is given in the new age of the baby during birth, 1 month and 6 months.
*
MEASLES, is similar diseases caused by viruses that normally live in the channel everywhere, and breed in mucus tunica throat. The disease is highly contagious, usually through the air. Giving this vaccine when a baby aged 9 months.
*
B, or Hib Haemophilus influenza type B, the vaccine works to prevent meningitis, pneumonia (pneumonia) and epiglotitis (cartilage throat inflammation). The vaccine is given when a baby aged 2 months, 4 months and 6 months.
*

IPD or Pneumococal Invasive Disease, a similar disease caused by bacteria, Streptococcus pneumonia, penularannya through sneezing, saliva or spray air. This bacteria attacks the brain and channels everywhere. Giving the vaccine is adjusted to the age of your baby. Age under 12 months are given 4 doses (2, 4 & 6 months) and Bart 12-15 months, ages 7-11 months are given 3 doses (2 doses with intervals of the first 4 weeks, and 3 doses during 12 months of age), age 12 - to 23-month given 2 doses with intervals of 2 months, the last 2 years of age are given only 1 dose.
*
MMR or mumps, morbili, rubella, similar diseases caused by viruses, which cause disease gondongan. Giving the vaccine is generally given in the 12 months.
*
VARISELA, immunization is intended to prevent chickenpox disease caused by a virus varisela. Giving the vaccine in infants aged over 1 year.

give baby tips for Immunization; Definitions and Scope

Immunization; Definitions and Scope

Definition: A way to improve the immune someone actively against a Ag, so that when he exposed the Ag similar, the disease does not occur.

Specific immune system: Only can destroy foreign substances, known previously

Humoral:

Limfosit role of B or B Tuesday (Bursa Fabricius) where if Tuesday dirangsang B "plasma cells" substances or anti-anti-body "in the Ser Function: Defender of the infection of viruses, bacteria and toxins set.

Antibody:

1. IgG:

- The main components ig serum (75%)

- Can penetrate Placenta

- Formed in response to the secondary

- Anti-bacterial, anti-virus, anti-fungus

2. IgM:

- The largest Imunoglobulin

- The primary immune response

- Prevent the movement of microorganisms secondary

- Enable complement

3. IgA:

- Formation of mucous membrane skin-stimulus

- Immune from infection of breath, digestion, urogenitalis

- Complement fixation, antitoxin, aglutinasi reaction, anti-virus

4. IgD:

- Very low in circulation

- Function is not yet clear

5. IgE:

- Very few in number

- High on the allergy, complement fixation, worm infection, parasitic infection

Cellular

Limfosit the role of T cells or T, where T was formed Tuesday in the bone marrow "proliferation and differentiation occurs in the gland timus

Function: Defender of the bacteria (intraselular), viruses, fungi, parasites, violence

Comprising

1. Helper T cell-B cell help

1. Suppressor T-cell:

- Pursue B cells

- Pursue T cells

3. Cytotoxic T-cell: Menyerang antigens directly

Passive immunization Derived

Acquired immune from outside the body rather than by individuals themselves, for example, babies are immune from the mother after giving ig Resources serum protected short (2 - 3 weeks)

• Example:

- Gamma globulin, pure people - measles

- ATS, ADS, Anti-Rabies, Anti - Snake venom

- Profilaksi & therapeutic (treatment)

Reaction aktopik

There was a few minutes in which to Shock body weight, itching all over the body, where syringes urticaria "widespread, restlessness, pale, cyanosis, dyspnoe, convulsions" dead

Therapi: Adrenalin, Corticosteroid

Ser queenqueer

The shoots Period: 6 - 24 days

Fever, urticaria, exanthema, vomit, feces, the danger urticaria (oedem) glottis "choking.

Therapi: Adrenalin, Corticosteroid, Anti Histamin

Giving to II (replay)

1. Ana phylactic reaction:

The period of shoot: Several minutes - 24 hours

Symptoms: Same reaction atopik -
2. Accelerated Reaction:

The period of the shoot: 1 - 5 days

Symptoms: Same serum queenqueer "Giving serum - first test

Test of serum

1. Skin test: 0.1 ml exclamation 1 / 10 - intra kutan waiting 15 minutes, "infiltrat> 10 mm

2. Eye test: 1 drop of serum, and wait 15 minutes: + "eyes swollen red

When the skin or eye test and positive "the Ser: How Bersedka

- 0,1 ml serum in 1 ml physiological saline water - Subkutan - waiting ½ hour reaction

- 0.5 ml serum in 1 ml physiological saline water - Subkutan - waiting ½ hour reaction

- The remaining serum "Intra Muskular

Immunization Goals

• Preventing the disease in certain someone

• Eliminate certain diseases in the population

Immunization success depends on factors:

1. Penjamu immune status:

• Having a specific Ab penjamu ® on the success of vaccination, eg:

- Measles in infants

- Kolustrum breastfeeding - IgA polio

• Maturasi imunologik: neonatus ® function makrofag else, the rate of complement else, the activation optonin else.

• formation of the Ag Ab specific results of vaccination less ® ¯ ® delayed until the age of 2 months.

• Immunization coverage as possible so that the immune simultaneously children, infants immunized

• Frequency of the disease, its impact on weight neonatus ® immunization can be given in neonatus.

• Status imunologik else (ie immune defisiensi) ® response to the vaccine less.

2. Genetic

in the human genetic immune response against certain Ag ® good, enough, the success of low ® vaccination is not 100%

4. the quality of the vaccine

a. way of giving, for instance, oral polio ® local and systemic immunity

b. Doses of vaccine

- Higher ® hamper the response, cause side effects

- Low ® does not stimulate cell imunokompeten

c. Frequency Giving

Secondary immune response ® on Tuesday efektor faster, higher production, higher afinitas. The frequency of which affect the immune response occurs. When the vaccine is given at a specific rate is still high Ab ® Ag dinetralkan by specific Ab ® does not stimulate cell imunokompeten.

d. Ajuvan: Him that improve the immune response against Ag

• Ag does not maintain a rapid loss

• Enabling cells imunokompeten

e. Type of vaccine

Vaccines cause life better immune response.

Content vaccine

1. ® virus antigens, bacteria

- The attenuated vaccines: polio, measles, BCG

- Dead vaccine: pertussis

- Eksotoksin: Toksoid, dipteri, tetanus

1. Ajuvan: aluminum compound
2. Liquid solvent: water, physiological saline fluid, culture network, eggs.

Things - things that damage the vaccine:

• Hot ® all vaccines

• sun ray ® BCG

• Freezing ® toxoid

• decontamination / antiseptic: soap

Immunization Schedule

• For uniformity

• Getting a good immune response ® Based on the epidemiological situation, the priority of the causes of death, pain

IMUNISASI BCG

BCG vaccine does not prevent someone can be spared from infection M. tuberculosa 100%, but can prevent further spread of the disease, Derived from bacteria that live attenuated (Pasteur Paris 1173 P2), found by Calmette and Guerin

• Assigned before the age of 2 months Disuntikkan intra kutan in the region insertio m. deltoid with a dose of 0.05 ml, the right

• reset Immunizations are not required, the success of doubt

BCG vaccine dry powder form must be reconstituted with 4 cc NaCl 0.9%. After reconstitution should be used within 3 hours, and the rest discarded. Storage temperature 5 ° C shunt from the sun (day-light indoors).

How the injection of BCG

• Clean the arm with a cotton water

• Put the needle almost parallel with the arm children with a hollow needle tip facing upwards.

• 0.05 ml injections intra kutan

- Feel the resistance

- Benjolan with pale skin pores typical diameter of 4-6 mm

Why injection intra kutan?

• BCG vaccine ® layer of the skin as a storehouse chorium ® ® breed reactions indurasi, Natal, pustula

• After growing just enough sub kutan ® capillary, limfe gland, blood circulation

Infant skin, thin ® intra kutan difficult ® injection is too often in the (sub kutan)

Reaction after the immunization of BCG

1. Reaction normal local ®

• 2 weeks indurasi ®, Natal, and then to pustula

• 3-4 weeks ® pustula broken into ulkus (do not need treatment)

• 8-12 weeks ® ulkus a scar diameter of 3-7 mm.

2. Reaction in the regional gland

• It is the response of cellular defense body

• Sometimes there just in kelj axila and servikal (BCG-normal it is)

• Incurred 2-6 months after immunization

• gland berkonsistensi solid, no pain, fever (-)

• Will wane 1-3 months later without treatment.

Complications

1. Abses at the injection site

• Abses a quiet (cold abses) ® does not need therapy

• Because of the sub injection kutan

• Abses cooked ® aspirations

2. Limfadenitis supurativa

• Because of the sub kutan injection or high dose

• There was 2-6 months after immunization

• Special tuberkulostatik ® accelerate diminution.

Reaction in the once high TB:

• Koch phenomenon of engaging the local reaction ® running fast (2-3 days after immunization) ® 4-6 weeks arising scar.

• Immunization of infants 2 months tuberkulin ® test (Mantoux)

• To show what had contact with TB

• inject 0.1 ml of PPD in the region Flexor forearm in the intra kutan

• Reading is done after 48 - 72 hours of injecting

• indurasi diameter measured at the injection site.

• <5 mm: negative

• 6-9 mm: impeach

• 10 mm ³: positive

Mantoux test (-) immunization ® (+)

Kontraindikasi

• Response imunologik subject: HIV infection, immune def kongenital, leukemia, violence

• Response imunologik Film: kortikosteroid, cancer drugs, radiation

• god

Hepatitis B immunization

• The vaccine contains HBsAg pure

• Provide early as possible after birth

• Intra Muskular injections in the deltoid region, 0.5 ml dose.

• Storage of the vaccine in the temperature of 2-8 ° C

• Babies born from mothers HBsAg (+) imunoglobulin hepatitis B given 12 hours after birth, Hepatitis B immunization

• Dosage next two 1-month

• A third dose the next 5 months (age 6 months)

• Immunization retrial 5 years later

• The prevention of anti-HBsAg> 10mg/ml

• Production of Hepatitis B vaccine in Indonesia, the immunization program began in 1997

Side effects

• mild fever

• The malaise in the digestive

• Rekasi pain in the injection site

No kontraindikasi

IMUNISASI POLIO

• polio vaccine from the virus (type 1.2 and 3) the vaccine, made in Vero-cell culture: amino acids, antibiotics, in calf serum magnesium chloride and Phenol red

• Vaccine-shaped liquid packaging with 1 cc or 2 cc in the flacon, pipette.

• Giving the 2 drops of oral (0.1 ml)

• polio vaccine is given 4 times, intervals of 4 weeks

• Immunization retrial, 1 next year, primary school class I, VI

• Children ® interruption of the absorption of diarrhea vaccine.

• There are 2 kinds of vaccines

- IPV ® salk

- OPV ® ® IgA local sabin

• Storage on the temperature of 2-8 ° C

• Virus vaccine bertendensi mutation in the network culture and the body of the vaccine recipients

• few diekskresi virus mutation to polio virus back into savage neurovirulen that

• Paralisis occur 1 per 4.4 million vaccine recipients and 1 per 15.5 million contact with vaccine recipients

Contra indications: defisiensi imunologik or contact with

IMUNISASI DPT

Comprising

- Diphtheria toxoid vaccine poisons ®

- Bordittela ® pertussis bacteria are attenuated

- Tetanus toxoid vaccine poisons ® (+) and aluminum phosphate mertiolat

• It is a liquid vaccine. If taken a little hazy, white sediment didasarnya

• Assigned to the baby> 2 months because of reaktogenitas pertussis in a small baby.

• Dosage 0.5 ml in the intra muskular on the outside thigh.

• Immunization basic 3x, with intervals of 4 weeks.

• The vaccine contains aluminum phosphate, if given the sub kutan cause local irritation, inflammation and local nekrosis.

Reaction post-immunization:

• fever, pain in place of injections given 1-2 days ® anafilatik + antipiretik

• When there are excessive reactions to post-immunization ® fever> 40 ° C, convulsions, shock ® immunization further replaced with DT or DPaT

Kontraindikasi

• aberration n late neurologic grow flowers

• There is a history of convulsions

• disease degeneratif

• Participated in the previous DPT vaccine shows: anafilaksis, ensefalopati, convulsions, renjatan, hiperpireksia, weeping / cry great.

Measles immunization

From live virus vaccine (CAM 70 - Chick chorioallantonik membrane), which weakened + kanamisin sulphate eritromisin shaped frozen and dried, are dissolved in 5 cc aquades solvent.

• Assigned to the baby by the age of 9 months because there are antibodies obtained from the mother.

• Dosage 0.5 ml given sub kutan in the left arm.

• Kept in temperature of 2-8 ° C, can be up to - 20 degrees Celsius

• Vaccines have only be resistant to 8 hours at the temperature of 2-8 ° C

• If there are outbreaks, immunization can be given at the age of 6 months, 6 months and then repeated

Side effects: fever, diarrhea, konjungtivitis, rash after 7 - 12 days after immunization. Gen. encefalitis more rare

Kontraindikasi:

* Acute infection with fever, defisiensi imunologik, TX imunosupresif, allergic to egg protein, hipersensitifitas dng kanamisin and eritromisin, pregnant women.
* Children who have been given a transfusion of blood or imunoglobulin suspended at least 3 months.
* Tuberkulin test suspended for at least 2 months after measles immunization

IMUNISASI HIB

• To prevent infection by ssp because Haemofilus influenza type B

• Provide Original age 2-4 months, the children> 1 year given 1 times

• Vaccines in the form of freeze dried and 0.5 ml in the solvent semprit.

• Dosage 0.5 ml given IM

• Kept in temperature of 2-8 ° C

• In Asia has not given routinely

• routine immunization are given in the countries of Europe, the United States, Australia.

IMUNISASI MMR

The vaccine is a live vaccine consists of:

- Measles strain moraten (measles)

- Jeryl Lynn strain of mumps (parotitis)

- Rubela strain of RA (german measles)

• Assigned to the age of 15 months. Deuteronomy 12 years of age

• Dosage 0.5 ml in the sub kutan, provided at least 1 month after injection of immunization other.

Contra indications: pregnant women, imuno kompromise, less than the previous 2-3 months to get the blood transfusion or imunoglobulin TX, anafilaksis reaction to eggs

IMUNISASI TYPHUS

There are 2 types of vaccines:

- Injection (typhim) ®> 2 years

- Oral (vivotif) ®> 6 years, 3 doses

• Typhim (Capsular Vi polysaccharide-Typherix) with a given dose of 0.5 ml in the IM. Deuteronomy done every 3 years.

• Kept in temperature of 2-8 ° C

• No prevent Salmonella paratyphi A or B

• Immune occur within 15 days to 3 weeks after immunization

Reaction post-immunization: fever, mild pain, skin rash and sometimes Natal, where indurasi injection, daire, vomiting.

IMUNISASI varicella

Varicella vaccine (vaRiLrix) contains a live virus vaccine strain of the Oka. Can be given at age 1, age 12 years retrial. Vaccines are given in sub kutan storage in the temperature of 2-8 ° C

Kontraindikasi: fever or acute infection, hipersensitifitas against neomisin, pregnancy, TX imunosupresan, violence, HIV, TB is not TX, blood aberration.

Reaction immunization is very minimal, there is sometimes fever papulo and erupsi-vesikuler.

IMUNISASI Hepatitis A

Immunization is given in less exposed areas, children in the age of 2 years. 3x basic immunization in the month to 0, 1, and 6 months later. Doses of vaccine (Harvix-inactivated virus strain HM 175) 0.5 ml in the IM in the deltoid region. Yag reactions occur at least sometimes fever, lethargic, fatigue, nausea, vomiting, and appetite hialng

COMBO VACCINE

Combined single multiple antigens into one product type antigens to prevent the disease vary, for instance, DPT + hepatitis B + Hib or combined some of the flute multiple antigens derived from the same disease organisms, eg: OPV

Goal of

• The number of injections less

• The number of visits less

• More practical, compliance and increased coverage

• Addition of new immunization programs easy

• Immunization late easily be pursued

• Cost cheaper

Power protection

Titer antibody one of the antigens is lower but still above the threshold protektif. The same effectiveness in different immunization schedules. Can occur ability to create antibodies for binding antigen is reduced. Immune response can occur both antigens changed. Reaktogenitas determined mainly by ajuvan not much different. Severe pain occurred more often in the combo vaccine (Bogaerts, Belgium). Immunization coverage is higher. KIPI on extra doses of the vaccine does not increase

Cold Chain (chain)

• Vaccines should be stored in a cold start from the factory to the target.

• Save the vaccine in the refrigerator at the proper temperature

• Door refrigerator should always be closed and terkkunsi

• Save thermometer to monitor refrigerator.

• Place Polio Vaccine, Measles, on the shelves near I freezers.

• To bring the vaccine to India must use the vaccine carrier / thermos containing ice.